愛爾蘭詩歌日|讓我們讀一讀愛爾蘭詩人的詩吧

Today the 27th of April is Irish Poetry Day. 

To celebrate, here is an introductory guide to Irish poetry.

4月27日是愛爾蘭詩歌日，讓我們?yōu)槟憬榻B一下愛爾蘭詩歌。

Introduction to Irish Poetry/愛爾蘭詩歌簡介

Irish poetry is rich and complex and this shows in its history.  Irish poetry is the oldest vernacular form of poetry in Europe； this means that it was not written in the Latin language but in Irish. Being an island， Ireland was relatively protected from foreign invasions which preserved its insular language and culture.

愛爾蘭詩歌豐富且復雜，這在其歷史中一直有所體現(xiàn)。作為歐洲最早的通俗詩，愛爾蘭詩歌不是用拉丁文寫的，而是愛爾蘭語。畢竟愛爾蘭是一個島嶼國家，相對免受外來入侵，島國語言與文化得以較好的保存。

想不想提高自己的英語水平？看看哪些機構(gòu)可以幫你

The first Irish poems were short in length to make sure they would be easily passed on to further generations, and their rhythm was complex enough to make it difficult for people to change the original lyrics. These poems were shared orally and had many uses. Some poems would talk about the Kings’ life and glory. However as recited and shared orally among the people, they were mainly composed for entertainment.

為了能順利流傳下去，最早的愛爾蘭詩都短小精悍，節(jié)奏也相當復雜，這樣別人就不能輕易修改原來的詩句。那些詩歌都是口頭流傳下來的，并且有諸多用處。有些詩人會用詩歌描述國王的生活與輝煌。盡管民間很多人都朗誦詩歌相互分享，但大部分詩歌在創(chuàng)作的時候主要還是僅供娛樂。

We can trace the first poems written in the Irish language to the 6th century while the first Irish poems written in the English language appeared during the 14th century. There has naturally been intertwinement between the English and Irish traditions. In the 18th century, Irish and English language reached an equal level of importance and the Irish culture and the English language merged. However during the 19th century, economic and political factors placed the English language as predominant over the Irish one, and this phenomenon can be felt in the style of the contemporaneous poetry.

最早的愛爾蘭語詩誕生在6世紀，而愛爾蘭的英文詩則最早出現(xiàn)在14世紀。歷史上愛爾蘭文化和英格蘭文化彼此糾纏過一點時間。到了18世紀，英語和愛爾蘭語達到了同等地位，愛爾蘭文化里完全融入了英語。然而在19世紀，由于經(jīng)濟政治的因素英語超越愛爾蘭語成為了愛爾蘭的主要語言。我們只要看一下同時期的詩歌就能感受到這些語言文化的變遷。

So what languages do Irish poets write in?/那么愛爾蘭詩人到底用什么語言寫詩？

Both English and Irish.  There’s a wonderful poet named Nuala Ní Dhomhnaill who has written about how she feels inspired by the rhythm and meter of Irish in a way she can’t replicate in English. Another favourite is Cathal ó Searcaigh, whose ‘Níl aon ní’ [‘There’s nothing’] has some stunning imagery of the Irish landscape. We also have some masterful translators, such as Thomas Kinsella who translated the Irish epic poem, ‘The Táin’, which is about an ancient war between the provinces of Connacht and Ulster.

答案是英語和愛爾蘭語都用。愛爾蘭有位非常厲害的詩人叫諾拉?尼歌諾（Nuala Ní Dhomhnaill），她就曾說過愛爾蘭語的節(jié)奏與韻律給她帶來的靈感是英語所無法企及的。另一位著名詩人凱索?歐?希爾凱（Cathal ó Searcaigh）筆下的愛爾蘭語詩Níl aon ní（即There’s nothing，中文意為什么都沒有）生動展示了愛爾蘭景觀的壯麗。愛爾蘭還有一些詩人本身還是翻譯大師，他們把最經(jīng)典的愛爾蘭語詩歌翻譯成英文。比如托馬斯?金賽拉（Thomas Kinsella）就翻譯了經(jīng)典詩The Táin，這首詩講述的是古時候康諾特省和阿爾斯特省之間爆發(fā)的一場戰(zhàn)爭。

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4 Popular Irish Poets to Know/4 位必知的愛爾蘭詩人

William Butler Yeats, (1865 –1939)

William Butler Yeats  is one of the most well-known Irish poets. He was awarded a Nobel Prize in Literature in December 1923. In China his poem “When you are old” became a popular song when sang in 2014 on a famous singing TV show. 

威廉?巴特勒?葉芝是愛爾蘭最負盛名的詩人之一，也是1923年諾貝爾文學獎的獲得者。2014年，由歌手趙照根據(jù)葉芝的詩歌《When You are Old》紅遍中國。

Another well-known poem of his is ''The Lake Isle of Innisfree'' :

他的另一首名作《茵尼斯弗利島》:

The Lake Isle of Innisfree

《茵尼斯弗利島》

I will arise and go now, and go to Innisfree,

And a small cabin build there, 

of clay and wattles made:

Nine bean-rows will I have there, 

a hive for the honey-bee;

And live alone in the bee-loud glade.

我就要起身走了，到茵尼斯弗利島，

造座小茅屋在那里，枝條編墻糊上泥；

我要養(yǎng)上一箱蜜蜂，種上九行豆角，

獨住在蜂聲嗡嗡的林間草地。

And I shall have some peace there, 

for peace comes dropping slow,

Dropping from the veils of the morning to where the cricket sings;

There midnight’s all a glimmer, and noon a purple glow,

And evening full of the linnet’s wings. 

那兒安寧會降臨我，安寧慢慢兒滴下來，

從晨的面紗滴落到蛐蛐歇唱的地方；

那兒半夜閃著微光，中午染著紫紅光彩，

而黃昏織滿了紅雀的翅膀。

I will arise and go now, for always night and day

I hear lake water lapping with low sounds by the shore;

While I stand on the roadway, 

or on the pavements grey,

I hear it in the deep heart’s core.

我就要起身走了，因為從早到晚從夜到朝

我聽到湖水在不斷地輕輕拍岸；

不論我站在馬路上還是在灰色人行道，

總聽得它在我心靈深處呼喚。

Patrick Kavanagh, (1904 –1967) 

Patrick Kavanagh (1904 –1967) was an Irish poet and novelist. A few of his best known poems are "The Great Hunger", "On Raglan Road" and “Memory of my father”. He is recognizable for mostly writing about mundane and ordinary life issues.   

帕特里克.卡瓦納(1904 –1967) 是 愛爾蘭著名的詩人和小說家。他的代表作包括《大饑荒》、《在拉格倫路》和《紀念我的父親》。他的作品充滿鄉(xiāng)土氣息，以描繪平凡的生活為主。

Memory of My Father

紀念我的父親

Every old man I see

Reminds me of my father

When he had fallen in love with death

One time when sheaves were gathered.

我見到的每個上了年紀的人

都讓我想起我的父親

死亡向他拋出繡球

那時所有的花束都聚攏

That man I saw in Gardiner Street

Stumble on the kerb was one,

He stared at me half-eyed,

I might have been his son.

我在嘉丁納看到一個人

就是那個被石頭絆倒的那個

他眼睛半歙盯著我

也許我就是他的兒子

And I remember the musician

Faltering over his fiddle

In Bayswater, London.

He too set me the riddle.

我還記得那個音樂家

蹣跚的拉著小提琴

在倫敦，貝斯沃特

他也給我出了同樣的謎題

Every old man I see

In October-coloured weather

Seems to say to me

"I was once your father."

在十月的絢爛的天氣里

我看到的每個年老的人

似乎好像對我說

“曾經(jīng)我是你的父親?！?/p>

Seamus Justin Heaney, (1939 –2013)

Seamus Justin Heaney  was an Irish poet, playwright, translator and lecturer at Harvard. In 1995 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. Critics say he is one of the most important Irish poets since Yeats. Academic John Sutherland described him as"the greatest poet of our age". In 2013, he was described by the journal The Independent as "probably the best-known poet in the world.” He is famous for his work the Death of a Naturalist (1966).

謝默斯?希尼是一名愛爾蘭詩人、劇作家和翻譯家，生前曾在哈佛大學授課。他在1995年榮獲諾貝爾文學獎。評論家稱他是繼葉芝后最重要的愛爾蘭詩人。學者約翰?薩瑟蘭認為他是‘我們這一代最偉大的詩人’。2013年，在愛爾蘭《獨立報》中他被評為‘可能是全世界最有名的詩人’。他最著名的作品是《一個自然主義者的死亡》（1966）.

Eavan Boland, ( 1944- today)

Eavan Boland is an Irish poet and author born in Dublin. Daughter of a diplomat and painter, she studied in Trinity College where she wrote as a student her first collection of poems. She is now a professor at Stanford. Boland mostly writes about Irish identity and the place of women in Irish history, challenging the traditional representation of womanhood. A great number of her poems are studied by Irish students taking the Leaving Certificate examination (the equivalent of the Gaokao in China). 

伊文?博蘭  ( 1944- )是一名出生在都柏林的詩人和作家。她是一位外交官和畫家的女兒，曾就讀于都柏林圣三一大學，在校期間出版了她的第一本詩集。現(xiàn)在她是斯坦福大學的一名教授。博蘭的作品以描述愛爾蘭民族身份和愛爾蘭女性在歷史中的地位見長，對女性的傳統(tǒng)象征進行挑戰(zhàn)。她的詩歌中有很大一部分被納入愛爾蘭畢業(yè)考試（等同于中國高考）的學習大綱中。

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