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時(shí)間:2021-06-22
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關(guān)于GRE詞匯問(wèn)題,大家常常有的感覺(jué)就是:為什么積累了那么多詞匯但分?jǐn)?shù)還是這么低?今天留學(xué)監(jiān)理網(wǎng)的小編為大家搜羅到關(guān)于這個(gè)問(wèn)題的比較全的分析,希望對(duì)大家的GRE考試詞匯積累有所幫助。
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一、老GRE中的詞匯考察
在老GRE中,verbal reasoning 每個(gè)section的38道題中,有7道填空,9道類(lèi)比,11道反義,11道閱讀。而在ETS的歸類(lèi)中,填空、類(lèi)比和反義均被歸類(lèi)為詞匯題,也就是說(shuō)詞匯題占到70%以上,足以看出在老GRE中詞匯的重要性。在這三種詞匯題中,類(lèi)比和反義是直接考察詞匯微妙含義構(gòu)成的邏輯關(guān)系的題型,而填空則是披著語(yǔ)境的面紗,但最終決定能否順利解題的,還是是否對(duì)詞匯和詞匯之間的邏輯關(guān)系能否有準(zhǔn)確和快速的把握。因此,我們可以得出這樣一個(gè)結(jié)論,老GRE對(duì)詞匯的考察是直接的考察。
二、新GRE中的詞匯考察
從2011年8月開(kāi)始,GRE講全面改革,其中變動(dòng)最大的就是在Verbal Reasoning部分,類(lèi)比和反義取消,填空題由現(xiàn)在的五選一,變?yōu)槲暹x一,七選二,兩空題,三空題,而閱讀的難度也有所增加。隨著填空和閱讀難度的大幅上升,部分考生自我安慰道:至少不考類(lèi)反了,不用背紅寶書(shū)中那么多的單詞了,然而,事實(shí)真的如此嗎?
GRE改革后,確實(shí)背單詞的任務(wù)減輕了一些,有一些單詞確實(shí)不需要再背了,諸如pirouette,gargoyle 和 arabesque 這些比較生僻的專有名詞就不需要背了,甚至可以說(shuō)所有的專有名詞,諸如 termite,firefly 也都不需要背了,但是在紅寶書(shū)收錄的七八千單詞中,這些詞也不過(guò)只有五六百,七八千個(gè)單詞減去五六百,還是有七八千個(gè)單詞需要背。
而從老G到新G,隨著類(lèi)反題目的取消,另外一個(gè)問(wèn)題也隨之而來(lái),在老G中,類(lèi)反的單詞,填空的單詞,閱讀的單詞,ETS實(shí)際上是有一個(gè)心照不宣的各自的小詞庫(kù)的,也就是說(shuō)大量在類(lèi)反中出現(xiàn)的單詞并沒(méi)有進(jìn)入到填空和閱讀試題中。
三、新GRE填空對(duì)詞匯的考察
下面我們結(jié)合ETS給出的新GRE考試填空題的幾個(gè)樣題來(lái)分析一下新G對(duì)詞匯的考察以及與老G的關(guān)系。
1. While in many ways their personalities could nothave been more different - she was ebullient where he was glum, relaxed wherehe was awkward, garrulous where he was ____- they were surprisingly wellsuited.
A. solicitous 掛念的
B. munificent 慷慨的
C. irresolute 猶豫不決的
D. laconic 言簡(jiǎn)意賅的
E. fastidious 謹(jǐn)小慎微的,挑剔的
F. taciturn 沉默寡言的
對(duì)于這種六選二的題目來(lái)說(shuō),我們可以直接在選項(xiàng)中找到一組近義詞,一定是答案。因此我們可以選D和F,這道題之所以我們能夠做的如此瀟灑,
那是因?yàn)楫?dāng)年我們?cè)诶螱詞匯課中已經(jīng)完整的總結(jié)了話多話少的單詞:
簡(jiǎn)潔的:
laconic =succinct=pithy=terse=concise
冗長(zhǎng)的: wordy=verbose=prolix
話少: taciturn=reticent
話多(貶) :
superfluous 話多的,多余的
garrulous=loquacious
glib 油嘴滑舌(膚淺地說(shuō)) gild 虛假的外表
話多(褒): voluble=talkative 健談的
從填空題的做題角度來(lái)說(shuō),應(yīng)該找garrulous的反義詞,雖然laconic強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)話簡(jiǎn)潔,taciturn強(qiáng)調(diào)話少沉默寡言,雖然不是同義詞,但都是表示話不多的同向詞匯。因此,如果對(duì)老G的詞匯把握比較好,那么做這道問(wèn)題自然不成問(wèn)題。但同時(shí),我們發(fā)現(xiàn),新GRE填空對(duì)于詞匯之間的關(guān)系考察實(shí)際上比老G更難了,因?yàn)槲覀儾粌H需要知道單詞的同義和反義,還需要判斷出兩個(gè)單詞之間的上下位關(guān)系。
2. Vain and prone to violence, Caravaggio could nothandle success: the more his (1)__________ as an artist increased, the more(2)__________ his life became.
Blank (1) Blank (2)
A. temperance 節(jié)制 D. tumultuous 紛亂的
B. notoriety 臭名昭著 E. providential 幸運(yùn)的
C. eminence 著名 F. dispassionate 冷靜的
從填空題的做題角度來(lái)說(shuō),冒號(hào)引導(dǎo)同義解釋,因此第一個(gè)空應(yīng)該是success的廣義同義詞,選C,第二個(gè)空應(yīng)該是一個(gè)負(fù)面評(píng)價(jià),因此選D。
這道題的選項(xiàng)中,出現(xiàn)了很多我們老G中的類(lèi)反核心詞匯,比如A選項(xiàng)。相信也有同學(xué)曾經(jīng)總結(jié)過(guò):
自制節(jié)制的名詞:continence abstinence temperance self-denial sobriety
自制的,節(jié)制的形容詞:abstemious continent
比如B選項(xiàng),當(dāng)年曾經(jīng)infamous: notoriety,考過(guò)褒貶關(guān)系。
比如F選項(xiàng),當(dāng)年我們?cè)?jīng)總結(jié)過(guò)這些特殊的加上否定前綴后意思有可能發(fā)生誤導(dǎo)的單詞:
passion 激情
impassion 慷慨激昂
dispassion 客觀冷靜
compassion 同情
flammable 易燃的
inflammable 易燃的
nonflammable 不易燃的
passive 被動(dòng)的
impassive 冷漠的,無(wú)動(dòng)于衷的
如果所有的這些單詞,我們都能熟練掌握,那么做這道題自然不成問(wèn)題。因此,我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)新GRE考試的填空題,從本質(zhì)上還是詞匯題,并且題目的整體思路跟老GRE的填空題并沒(méi)有什么本質(zhì)區(qū)別,可能最大的區(qū)別就是類(lèi)反中的大量主考詞開(kāi)始進(jìn)入填空題的考察范圍,這無(wú)疑增加了考試的難度。
四、新GRE閱讀對(duì)于詞匯的考察
首先,新GRE閱讀中出現(xiàn)了詞匯題,即直接問(wèn)你某個(gè)單詞是什么意思
我們?cè)诳匆坏罉宇}中公布的閱讀題對(duì)于詞匯是如何考查的:
Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following readinGPAssage.
Scholarship on political newspapers and their editorsis dominated by the view that as the United States grew, the increasinginfluence of the press led, ultimately, to the neutral reporting from which webenefit today. Pasley considers this view oversimplified, because neutralitywas not a goal of early national newspaper editing, even when editorsdisingenuously stated that they aimed to tell all sides of a story. Rather, theintensely partisan ideologies represented in newspapers of the early republicled to a clear demarcation between traditional and republican values. Theeditors responsible for the papers' content —especially those with republicanagendas —began to see themselves as central figures in the development ofpolitical consciousness in the United States.
10. In the context in which it appears,"disingenuously" most nearly means
A. insincerely
B. guilelessly
C. obliquely
D. resolutely
E. p**inaciously
如果當(dāng)年,我們?cè)谡n堂是總結(jié)的天真純樸類(lèi)的單詞把握的比較好,如下:
天真純樸的
ingenuous=guileless=naive=simple=artless=unsophisticated
那么這道題,對(duì)于我們的同學(xué)來(lái)說(shuō)就完全是送分題,對(duì)于閱讀能力整體偏弱的中國(guó)學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō),這樣的題目必須拿下。而拿下這些題目的最好手段,無(wú)疑就是按照我們?cè)诶螱詞匯班同樣的強(qiáng)度來(lái)把握詞匯。
更為重要的是,從新老GRE的官方OG來(lái)看,閱讀考察共有13項(xiàng)能力,首當(dāng)其沖的就是"understanding the meaning of individualwords." 顯然,詞匯量,是閱讀理解的基礎(chǔ)。經(jīng)過(guò)研究新GRE的官方OG中的閱讀文章可以得出結(jié)論,新GRE閱讀中的詞匯難度有了明顯的上升,這種上升是由于老G中的類(lèi)反單詞進(jìn)入文章和題目引起的。
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分析完新G和老G中詞匯考察的方式,下面小編給大家?guī)?lái)20個(gè)句子,通過(guò)多閱讀句子也是掌握GRE詞匯的不錯(cuò)方式,比單純的背單詞效果好。
1. Typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent is the American antelope, or pronghorn.
2. Of the millions who saw Haley's comet in 1986, how many people will live long enough to see it return in the twenty-first century.
3. Anthropologists have discovered that fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise are universally reflected in facial expressions.
4. Because of its irritating effect on humans, the use of phenol as a general antiseptic has been largely discontinued.
5. In group to remain in existence, a profit-making organization must, in the long run, produce something consumers consider useful or desirable.
6. The greater the population there is in a locality, the greater the need there is for water, transportation, and disposal of refuse.
7. It is more difficult to write simply, directly, and effectively than to employ flowery but vague expressions that only obscure one's meaning.
8. With modern offices becoming more mechanized, designers are attempting to personalize them with warmer, less severe interiors.
9. The difference between libel and slander is that libel is printed while slander is spoken.
10. The knee is the joints where the thigh bone meets the large bone of the lower leg.
11. Acids are chemical compounds that, in water solution, have a sharp taste, a corrosive action on metals, and the ability to turn certain blue vegetable dyes red.
12. Billie Holiday's reputation as a great jazz-blues singer rests on her ability to give emotional depth to her songs.
13. Essentially, a theory is an abstract, symbolic representation of what is conceived to be reality.
14. Long before children are able to speak or understand a language, they communicate through facial expressions and by making noises.
15. Thanks to modern irrigation, crops now grow abundantly in areas where once nothing but cacti and sagebrush could live.
16. The development of mechanical timepieces spurred the search for more accurate sundials with which to regulate them.
17. Anthropology is a science in that anthropologists use a rigorous set of methods and techniques to document observations that can be checked by others.
18. Fungi are important in the process of decay, which returns ingredients to the soil, enhances soil fertility, and decomposes animal debris.
19. When it is struck, a tuning fork produces an almost pure tone, retaining its pitch over a long period of time.
20. Although pecans are most plentiful in the southeastern part of the United States, they are found as far north as Ohio and Illinois.
以上就是留學(xué)監(jiān)理網(wǎng)的小編為大家整理的GRE新老詞匯考察方式對(duì)比,以及推薦的20個(gè)GRE詞匯積累佳句,希望大家認(rèn)真?zhèn)淇?a rel="nofollow" href="http://m.hbwzhjj.org.cn/gmat_gre/" target="_blank">GRE考試,加油!祝大家有百分百的回報(bào)!
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