托福口語(yǔ)考試中的“隱形殺手” 警惕語(yǔ)法陷阱

殺手一號(hào)：主謂一致

以下是學(xué)生課上答題的答案，大家能看出來(lái)這個(gè)同學(xué)的答案哪里錯(cuò)了?

Imagine that a guy drive along the high way where have a lot of billboards advertising cars. One billboard advertise a car called panther. This guy drive by, but he don’t notice that. If you ask him later to name an animal that start with letter “P”. Instead of saying pig, he say panther. He have no conscious memory about the billboard, but the billboard had an effect on him.

正確答案是：

Imagine that a guy? driveS along the high way where ?HAS a lot of billboards advertising cars. One billboard? advertiseS a car called panther. This guy ④driveS by, but he⑤ DOESN’T notice that. If you ask him later to name an animal that ⑥startS with letter “P”. Instead of saying pig, he ⑦sayS panther. He ⑧ HAS no conscious memory about the billboard, but the billboard had an effect on him.

錯(cuò)誤原因：

主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)還是原型，并沒(méi)有變形。其實(shí)，除了主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)要做第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)的變形，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是名詞性從句，動(dòng)詞不定式，和動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)也要用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)。

殺手二號(hào)：時(shí)態(tài)一致

過(guò)去時(shí)的使用是時(shí)態(tài)使用中較為簡(jiǎn)單的一種。可是，要做到在答題時(shí)需要使用過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)候都記得要使用過(guò)去時(shí)卻沒(méi)那么容易。同學(xué)在答題時(shí)會(huì)把注意力集中到語(yǔ)言的組織上，無(wú)暇顧及時(shí)態(tài)，所以常常會(huì)出現(xiàn)時(shí)態(tài)的混用。請(qǐng)大家看看下面這位同學(xué)的答案有什么問(wèn)題：

I went out to a movie yesterday, and I watch Smurfs 2. After the movie, I had dinner with friends.

這個(gè)同學(xué)描述的是昨天做的事情。前面記得用過(guò)去時(shí)，說(shuō)著說(shuō)著，變成了一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，到最后又變回了過(guò)去時(shí)。

正確答案：

I went out to a movie yesterday, and I watchED Smurfs 2. After the movie, I had dinner with friends.

殺手三號(hào)：人稱(chēng)一致

人稱(chēng)一致問(wèn)題是同學(xué)在答托福Task5的時(shí)候慣犯的一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。Task5是學(xué)生困難和解決題，一男一女進(jìn)行對(duì)話(huà)。對(duì)話(huà)中一個(gè)同學(xué)敘述自己遇到的問(wèn)題，另外一個(gè)同學(xué)提出解決方案，題目要求是復(fù)述學(xué)生的困難和解決方案等。學(xué)生答題時(shí)一會(huì)兒用she,一會(huì)兒用he, 無(wú)法自拔。我們來(lái)看看下面這個(gè)同學(xué)是怎么答題的：

In the conversation, the man has a problem that he forgot his paper home, but today is the due date. He has two options. First, she can drive back to get his paper. If he hurries, she can come back before the class is over. Second, he can e-mail the paper to her professor later, but .................

這篇對(duì)話(huà)描述的是一個(gè)男生同學(xué)遇到的問(wèn)題以及他可能選擇的解決方案有哪些。可是這位答題的同學(xué)開(kāi)頭用的是he, 后面就不斷的蹦出了she.

為什么會(huì)出現(xiàn)這種現(xiàn)象呢?在漢語(yǔ)中不管是“他”還是“她”，發(fā)音是一樣的。我們從來(lái)不會(huì)說(shuō)“男他”，“女她”。導(dǎo)致我們?cè)谡f(shuō)英語(yǔ)(精品課)的時(shí)候總是把he,she混淆。

正確答案：

In the conversation, the man has a problem that he forgot his paper home, but today is the due date. He has two options. First, he can drive back to get his paper. If he hurries, he can come back before the class is over. Second, he can e-mail the paper to his professor later, but .................

殺手四號(hào)：名詞復(fù)數(shù)

在托?？谡Z(yǔ)答題中使用到可數(shù)名詞時(shí)要么前面加“the”表特指，要么前面加“a”表個(gè)別，要么后面加“s”表一群?？赏瑢W(xué)答題時(shí)往往把可數(shù)名詞孤零零放在那兒，什么也不加。我們看看下面這個(gè)同學(xué)是怎么答題的：

Pronghorn live in North America. They run super fast. Why do they run fast? Long time ago, lion lived in North America, chase and prey pronghorns. Lion are faster than other predators today. Now, lion are extinct. They are no longer predator for pronghorn. But back then, pronghorns’ speed was critical to their survival.

答案中所加下劃線(xiàn)的部分都是可數(shù)名詞，后面都要加“s”.

正確答案：

Pronghorns live in North America. They run super fast. Why do they run fast? Long time ago, lions lived in North America, chase and prey pronghorns. Lions are faster than other predators today. Now, lions are extinct. They are no longer predators for pronghorn. But back then, pronghorns’ speed was critical to their survival.

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