北美標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化考試詞匯必備(一)

北美的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化考試種類繁多，有我們大家熟悉的TOEFL、SAT、ACT、GRE、GMAT等，還有一些考試是我們不太熟悉的，例如LAST、MCAT、AP等。

不過(guò)對(duì)于任何一個(gè)考試來(lái)說(shuō)，都要求我們的學(xué)生具備較大的詞匯量。一個(gè)受過(guò)良好教育的美國(guó)人的詞匯量大概是2萬(wàn)左右，而現(xiàn)在我們的大學(xué)畢業(yè)生的詞匯量普遍在6000-8000，英語(yǔ)系畢業(yè)生的詞匯量可以達(dá)到1萬(wàn)-1萬(wàn)2。這就是很多同學(xué)在出國(guó)前都要瘋狂背單詞的原因。

為了更好地幫助大家進(jìn)行英語(yǔ)詞匯的學(xué)習(xí)，尤其是應(yīng)對(duì)北美的各種語(yǔ)言和學(xué)術(shù)類考試，并了解英語(yǔ)詞根詞綴的知識(shí)，留學(xué)監(jiān)理網(wǎng)的老師特意為大家制作了一個(gè)系列的詞匯提升類文章，希望大家可以有效地進(jìn)行詞匯學(xué)習(xí)。今天我們就來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)一下How to Talk about Personality Types。

自我主義者/利己主義者：egoist

Every decision you make is based on the answer to one question: “what’s in it for me? Ifyour selfishness, greed, and ruthless desire for self-advancement hurt other people, that’s too bad. But you may say “this is a tough world and I, for one, am not going to be left behind!”

自高自大者/驕傲自負(fù)者：egotist

You are boastful to the point of being obnoxious -- you have only one string to your conversatioal violin -- YOURSELF; and on it you play a number of monotonous variations: what you think, what you have done, how good you are, how you would solve the problems of the world, etc.

利他主義者/無(wú)私的人：altruist

You have discovered the secret of true happiness -- concerning yourself with the welfare of others. Never mind your own interests.

內(nèi)向者/內(nèi)向的人：introvert

You may seem unsocial, yet your greatest desire is to be liked and accepted. You may be shy and quiet, you are often moody and unhappy, and you prefer solitude or at most the company of one person to a crowd. You have an aptitude for creative work and are uncomfortable engaging in activities that require cooperation with other people. You may even be a genius, or eventually turn into one.

外向者/外向的人：extrovert

You would be great as a teacher, counselor, administrator, insurance agent. You can always become interested in other people’s problems. You are the life of the party, because you never worry about the effect of your actions, never inhibit yourself with doubts about dignity or propriety. You are usually happy, generally full of high spirits; you love to be with people -- lots of people. Your thoughts, your interests, your whole personality are turned outward.

中間性格者/既外向又內(nèi)向的人：ambivert

You are both introverted and extroverted tendencies -- at different times nd on different occasions. Your interests are turned, in about equal proportions, both inward and outward. Indeed you’re quite normal -- in the sense that your personality is like that of most people.

不愿與人往來(lái)者/憤世嫉俗的人：misanthrope

Cynical, embittered, suspicious, you hate everyone. The perfectibility of the human race? “Nonsense! No way!”. The stupidity, the meanness, and the crookedness of most morals -- that is your favourite theme.

嫌棄女人者/厭惡女人的人：misogynist

Sometime in your dim past, you were crossed, scorned or deeply wounded by a woman (a mother, or mather figure, perhaps). So now you have a carefully constructed defense against further hurt -- you hate all women.

厭惡結(jié)婚的人/厭婚者：misogamist

You will not make the ultimate legal commitment. Members of the opposite sex are great as lovers, roommates, apartment or house-sharers, but not as lawfully wedded spouses. The bies that bind are too binding for you. You may possibly believe that a commitment is deeper and more meaningful if freedom is available without judicial proceedings.

清心寡欲的人/禁欲主義者：ascetic

Self-denial, austerity, lonely contemplation -- these are the characteristics of the good life, so you claim. The simplest food and the least amount of it that will keep body and soul together, combined with abstinence from fleshly, earthly pleasures, will eventually lead to spiitual perfection -- that is your philosophy.

詞根詳解--ego：

What do you think your constant criticisms do to my ego?

很多同學(xué)讀到這個(gè)句子都太明白其中的含義，ego的意思是“自我”，這是一個(gè)非常抽象的心理學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)。這里，我們不去探究ego的含義，我們需要來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)ego這個(gè)詞根。ego是一個(gè)來(lái)自于拉丁語(yǔ)的詞根，意為“我，自我”，今后再看到某個(gè)單詞中含有ego這個(gè)詞根，你就可以大膽猜測(cè)一下單詞的意思了！

那么還有哪些單詞帶有ego這個(gè)詞根呢？大家繼續(xù)跟著留學(xué)監(jiān)理網(wǎng)的老師往下學(xué)習(xí)吧！

If you are an egocentric, you consider yourself the center of the universe, you are an extreme form of the egoist.

And if you are an egomaniac, you carry egoism to such an extreme that your needs, desires and interests have become a morbid obsession, a mania.

The egoist or egtist is obnoxious, the egocentric is intolerable and the egomaniac is dangerous and slightly mad.

詞根詳解--alter：

與ego一樣，alter也是一個(gè)來(lái)自拉丁語(yǔ)的詞根，意為“他人”。之前學(xué)過(guò)的利他主義者altruist就來(lái)自于這個(gè)詞根。由alter變化而來(lái)的詞匯也很多，我們繼續(xù)一起學(xué)習(xí)一下：

Altruistic actions look toward the benefit of others. If you alternate, you skip one and take the other. And if you have no alternative, you have no other choice.

An alteration is a change -- a making into something other. When you alter your plans, you make other plans.

An altercation is a verbal dispute. When you have an altercation with someone, you have a violent disagreement, a fight with words. By the way, altercation is stronger than quarrel or dispute.

Last but not least, we have alter ego, which combines alter (other) with ego (I/self). It refers to someone with whom you are so close that you both do the same things, think alike, eact similarly, etc. Any such friend is your alter ego.

詞根詳解--misein：

希臘語(yǔ)詞根misein構(gòu)成了misanthrope、misogynist和misogaist。在希臘語(yǔ)中，misein的意思是hate。The misanthrope hates mankind (in Greek, anthropos=mankind); the misogynist hates women (in Greek, gyne=woman); the misogamist hate marriage (in Greek, gamos=marriage).

今天，我們一起學(xué)習(xí)了很多用來(lái)形容人性格的“高大上”的專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)，如果你可以把這些詞匯用在TOEFL、GRE、SAT的寫(xiě)作中的話，是不是一下子就能幫你抓住考官的眼球呢？

另外，我們今天還學(xué)習(xí)了很多拉丁語(yǔ)和希臘語(yǔ)的詞根，學(xué)會(huì)這種重要的單詞學(xué)習(xí)方法之后，你就可以和其他母語(yǔ)為英語(yǔ)的學(xué)生具有“說(shuō)文解字”的能力了！

英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)是一個(gè)不斷積累的過(guò)程，詞匯學(xué)習(xí)更是不能懶惰和懈怠。希望老家每天拿出一點(diǎn)時(shí)間用來(lái)進(jìn)行英語(yǔ)的學(xué)習(xí)，這樣才能產(chǎn)生“水滴石穿”的效果。

希望大家的英語(yǔ)越來(lái)越好，早日攻克考試的難關(guān)！

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